Cross-interval histogram analysis of neuronal activity on multi-electrode arrays

Cross-neuron-interval histogram (CNIH) analysis has been performed in order to study correlated activity and connectivity between pairs of neurons in a spontaneously active developing cultured network of rat cortical cells. Thirty-eight histograms could be analyzed using two parameters, one for the shape and one for the average number per interval bin. The histogram shape varied gradually between flat and clearly peaked around zero interval, indicating no/abundant connectivity and direct connection pathways, respectively

The social dynamics of innovation networks

The social dynamics of innovation networks captures the important role of trust, social capital, institutions and norms and values in the creation of knowledge in innovation networks. In doing so, this book connects to a long-standing debate on the socio-spatial context of innovation in economic geography, which is usually referred to as the Territorial Models of Innovation (TIMs) literature.\ud \ud This present volume breaks with the TIM literature in several important ways. In the first place, this book emphasizes the role of individual agency because individuals and their networks are increasingly recognized as the principal agents of knowledge creation. Secondly, this volume looks at space as a continuous field of opportunity rather than as bounded territory with a set of endowments, such as knowledge base and social capital. Although individually these elements are not new to the TIM literature, it has thus far failed to grasp their critical implication for studying the social dynamics of innovation networks.\ud \ud The approach to the socio-spatial context of innovation in this volume is summarized as Knowledge Economy 2.0. It emphasizes that human creativity is now the main source of economic value and that human creativity and knowledge creation is not an organized process within organizations, but happens bottom up in formal and informal professional and social networks of individuals that cut across multiple organization

Indexed induction and coinduction, fibrationally.

This paper extends the fibrational approach to induction and coinduction pioneered by Hermida and Jacobs, and developed by the current authors, in two key directions. First, we present a sound coinduction rule for any data type arising as the final coalgebra of a functor, thus relaxing Hermida and Jacobs’ restriction to polynomial data types. For this we introduce the notion of a quotient category with equality (QCE), which both abstracts the standard notion of a fibration of relations constructed from a given fibration, and plays a role in the theory of coinduction dual to that of a comprehension category with unit (CCU) in the theory of induction. Second, we show that indexed inductive and coinductive types also admit sound induction and coinduction rules. Indexed data types often arise as initial algebras and final coalgebras of functors on slice categories, so our key technical results give sufficent conditions under which we can construct, from a CCU (QCE) U : E -> B, a fibration with base B/I that models indexing by I and is also a CCU (QCE)

Cultivatietheorie in een veranderd medialandschap: Overzicht van eerdere studies en een toetsing voor een middelgrote stad

Contains fulltext : 3318.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Post-grooming furunculose bij een hond

A five-year-old, intact, male labrador retriever was presented on emergency with general complaints of fever, lethargy and anorexia. During clinical examination, very painful skin lesions were noticed dorsally on the neck and back, and there was also a clear left apical systolic murmur with a degree of 4/6. On histopathological examination of the lesional skin, there was rupture of the follicle wall surrounded with a pronounced suppurative inflammation. The dog was diagnosed with post-grooming furunculosis and mitral valve endocardiosis ACVIM stage B2. Culture of the lesional skin and the shampoo used to wash the dog prior to the onset of the skin lesions revealed the presence of the same bacteria, evidencing a clear link between the bathing and development of the skin lesions

Addendum: "The Dynamics of M15: Observations of the Velocity Dispersion Profile and Fokker-Planck Models" (ApJ, 481, 267 [1997])

It has recently come to our attention that there are axis scale errors in three of the figures of Dull et al. (1997, hereafter D97). D97 presented Fokker-Planck models for the collapsed-core globular cluster M15 that include a dense, centrally concentrated population of neutron stars and massive white dwarfs, but do not include a central black hole. In this Addendum, we present corrected versions of Figures 9, 10, and 12, and an expanded version of Figure 6. This latter figure, which shows the full run of the velocity dispersion profile, indicates that the D97 model predictions are in good agreement with the moderately rising HST-STIS velocity dispersion profile for M15 reported by Gerssen et al. (2002, astro-ph/0209315). Thus, a central black hole is not required to fit the new STIS velocity measurements, provided that there is a sufficient population of neutron stars and massive white dwarfs. This conclusion is consistent with the findings of Gerssen et al. (2002, astro-ph/0210158), based on a reapplication of their Jeans equation analysis using the corrected mass-to-light profile (Figure 12) for the D97 models.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Ap

The Quiet-Sun Photosphere and Chromosphere

The overall structure and the fine structure of the solar photosphere outside active regions are largely understood, except possibly important roles of a turbulent near-surface dynamo at its bottom, internal gravity waves at its top, and small-scale vorticity. Classical 1D static radiation-escape modelling has been replaced by 3D time-dependent MHD simulations that come closer to reality. The solar chromosphere, in contrast, remains ill-understood although its pivotal role in coronal mass and energy loading makes it a principal research area. Its fine structure defines its overall structure, so that hard-to-observe and hard-to-model small-scale dynamical processes are the key to understanding. However, both chromospheric observation and chromospheric simulation presently mature towards the required sophistication. The open-field features seem of greater interest than the easier-to-see closed-field features.Comment: Accepted for special issue "Astrophysical Processes on the Sun" of Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A, ed. C. Parnell. Note: clicking on the year in a citation opens the corresponding ADS abstract page in the browse

DOT tomography of the solar atmosphere. IV. Magnetic patches in internetwork areas

We use G-band and Ca II H image sequences from the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) to study magnetic elements that appear as bright points in internetwork parts of the quiet solar photosphere and chromosphere. We find that many of these bright points appear recurrently with varying intensity and horizontal motion within longer-lived magnetic patches. We develop an algorithm for detection of the patches and find that all patches identified last much longer than the granulation. The patches outline cell patterns on mesogranular scales, indicating that magnetic flux tubes are advected by granular flows to mesogranular boundaries. Statistical analysis of the emergence and disappearance of the patches points to an average patch lifetime as long as 530+-50 min (about nine hours), which suggests that the magnetic elements constituting strong internetwork fields are not generated by a local turbulent dynamo.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Proxy magnetometry with the Dutch Open Telescope

Superb movies from the Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) on La Palma have proven the validity of the open concept of this innovative telescope for high-resolution imaging of the solar atmosphere. A five- camera speckle-burst registration system is being installed that should permit consistent and synchronous speckle reconstruction at multiple wavelengths including the G band, Ca II K and Ha, and provide tomo- graphic high-resolution imaging of the magnetic topology of the solar atmosphere up to the transition region. Other plans include use of a birefringent Ba II 4554 filter built at Irkutsk. However, the DOT funding remains insecure

Development of a solder bump technique for contacting a three-dimensional multi electrode array

The application of a solder bump technique for contacting a three-dimensional multi electrode array is presented. Solder bumping (or C4: Controlled Collapse Chip Connections, also called Flip Chip contacting) is the most suitable contacting technique available for small dimensions and large numbers of connections. Techniques adapted from the literature could successfully be scaled down to be used for 55x55 μm pads at 120 μm heart-to-heart spacing, yielding well-conducting, reasonably strong bonds